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Addressing suicidality in
older people across Europe

Duration: 1 year (2024)

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Despite a general decline in suicide rates across the EU, with deaths by suicide decreasing by almost 14% over the past decade, older people remain disproportionately affected. In 2021, there were 51,962 deaths due to intentional self-harm in the EU for adults aged 70+, accounting for 0.99% of all deaths, or an average of 11.64 deaths per 100,000 people. Demographic trends heighten the concern. The population of individuals aged 65 and above in the European Union is projected to increase by 74.4% by 2060, and the group aged 80 and above is expected to grow even more, by around 163%.This ageing population trend suggests that the absolute number of suicides among older people may increase, even as overall rates decline.

Suicide rates among older people vary significantly across Europe and are influenced by various socioeconomic and welfare policies. For example, in Europe, suicide accounts for 1.4% of all deaths across all ages, with the highest rates observed however, among those aged over 70, followed by the 45-59 age group

World Suicide Prevention Day, observed annually on September 10th, is an essential global platform to raise awareness about suicide and promote preventative measures. Established by the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) in conjunction with the World Health Organization (WHO), the day aims to foster worldwide commitment and action to prevent suicide. It emphasises the importance of addressing mental health issues, reducing stigma, and promoting supportive environments for those at risk.

This paper advocates for better mental health policies and services for older people in Europe. By addressing the current situation, the paper will provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by older people regarding suicidality. It will highlight the unique factors contributing to poor mental health and an increased rate of suicidality, such as mental health issues, loneliness, and socioeconomic challenges.

Drawing from successful initiatives across Europe and beyond, the paper will offer targeted policy reforms and interventions that can be adopted at the national level. These recommendations will focus on improving healthcare services, increasing funding for mental health programmes, and enacting policy changes to create a more supportive environment for older people. Additionally, it will add primary research perspectives from a focus group held with mental health professionals, representatives of older people and older people with lived experience regarding suicide along with a supplementary survey giving firsthand experience

Ultimately, the goal is to influence policymakers and stakeholders at local, national, and European Union (EU) levels to highlight the current challenges and consequently implement changes that will significantly reduce the risk of suicide among older people and enhance their overall mental well-being.

You can find all the resources below.